On a control chart for the Gini index with simulations

In this work we suggest the use of the Gini index on control charts. The asymptotic properties of Gini index are presented and the control charts based on appropriate confidence intervals are constructed. The suitability of the proposed charts are investigated by means of extensive simulations.     

历史解释与历史重演——重塑《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》中郑庄公的形象

《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》是非常著名的历史叙述文本,讲述了庄公兄弟二人为王位而反目成仇的过程。《左传》评价"兄不友、弟不恭"的伦常失序是事件的起因。后世评论多以此为据,而忽视兄弟二人的母亲武姜的政治力量。清华简第六辑《郑武夫人规孺子》,塑造出颇具政治谋略的武姜,综合《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》的叙述,借助历史重演解释理论分析可知,她与庄公多年秘而不宣的政治角力,是郑伯克段叙述中的内隐的政治背景。庄公借助边父、祭仲等人的长久筹谋,因势利导,驱逐共叔段、拘禁武姜,避免郑国内乱,为国家兴盛谋求发展空间,但他养骄长恶,一贯以满足个体私欲来豢养王室及其近属,为郑国埋下内乱的祸根。     

“动物与人”：叙事伦理、悖反性与双重困境指向——论“抉择之痛”作为功能指涉的效力边际

对初始情境中受难者“陷困”功能的探讨，是“动物叙事”叙事语法研究中不容忽视的一环，其中贯穿了一个最为基础的叙事功能指向——“抉择之痛”。强调“动物与人”两类受难者角色在身体、心理抑或情感维度陷入某种矛盾与纠结的状态，并且彼此间时常呈现出一定的矛盾悖反性。这一角色身份由动物形象与人类形象分别或共同承担，均指向一种叙事伦理层面的现代境遇的表达。在题材范畴方面，这一功能指涉涵盖了家养类与野生类“动物叙事”各自的叙事范畴。其效力边际已不仅仅局限在单纯生态视域与人性指涉的层面，而是凸显现代语境下人类所面临的共通性的伦理困境：一种挥之不去的矛盾、困惑与不安的情感和心境的写照。     

从盖恩斯《刑前一课》看小说视点与叙事层面的建构

盖恩斯在《刑前一课》里从零视点与悬念的建构、外视点与悖论的建构、内视点与意识流、多视点聚焦与立体感等方面来研究小说视点与叙事层面的相互关联。他从零视点的角度建构人称悬念、瞬间悬念和期待性悬念，从外视点的角度设置了主题悖论、言辞悖论和语境悖论。为了克服零视点和外视点描述的单调性和乏味性，盖恩斯把内视点与意识流进行了有机结合，从触景生情式意识流、内心独白式意识流和交织式意识流等方面探究人物心理与社会环境的内在关联。他还在人物评述和场景氛围等方面采用了多视点策略，从多层次和多侧面的角度来聚焦于具体的人物、物件或场景，构建了叙事层面的立体感，拓展了现代黑人小说创作的美学认知空间。     

Mercury,Polychlorinated Biphenyls,Selenium, and Fatty Acids in Tribal Fish Harvests of the Upper Great Lakes

The Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority monitors fish contaminants in Anishinaabe (Great Lake Native American) tribal fisheries. This article updates previously reported trends in two persistent bioaccumulative toxic (PBT) substances that are the primary contributors to consumption advisory limits for these fish: methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Also, we report, for the first time, an analysis of nutritional benefit bioindicators and metrics in these same Upper Great Lakes fish harvests: selenium (Se) and omega‐3 fatty acids (PUFA‐3s). A novel risk/benefit quantification originally presented by Ginsberg et al. is reported here to characterize the tradeoffs between fatty acid benefits and toxic MeHg health outcomes. We also report a Se benefit metric to characterize the possible protective value against MeHg neurotoxicity based on Ralston et al. Congruent with Anishinaabe cultural motivations to consume fish from their ancestral fisheries, nutritional content was high in locally caught fish and, in some respects, superior to farmed/store‐bought fish. These Great Lakes fish still contained levels of PBTs that require careful education and guidance for consumers. However, the contaminant trends suggest that these fish need not be abandoned as important (both culturally and nutritionally) food sources for the Anishinaabe who harvested them.     

莫言小说《丰乳肥臀》中的3D细节描写

3D细节描写是一种立体的3D视角，能将平面的画面直观地显现成3维的立体画面。《丰乳肥臀》中有大量的细节描写，有一部分是明显的3D描写，让读者融入情景、直观感受。尽管莫言不是有意识进行3D描写，但有意识地立体地细节描写写出了3D效果。     

The Unlived Life Is Worth Examining: Nothings and Nobodies behind the Scenes

This paper explores how people talk about the things that have not happened in their lives. I argue that we can perform reverse biographical identity work upon our unmade selves by exploring the meanings of unlived, non-experience. Challenging one's own rehearsed life story is an act of narrative self-transgression, involving negative responsibility assumption. Drawing on my symbolic interactionist theory of “nothing,” I consider how negative social phenomena (no-things, no-bodies, and non-events) are interactively accomplished and retrospectively made sense of in personal accounts. Themes of lost opportunities, silence, invisibility, and emptiness emerge from an analysis of twenty-seven stories. These tales reveal a mixture of emotions: not only sadness, stigma, shame, and regret, but also relief, pride, acceptance, and gratitude. Narratives of nothing are often ambivalent in tone, reflecting the complexity of storied life behind the scenes.     

Now and again: Eventful experience as a resource in senior activism

ABSTRACT

Shared memories shape relations among social movement participants and their organizations. However, scholars often ignore how experience operates as a means of solidifying attachment in group contexts. In contrast, I argue that activism depends on how participants publicly recall events. In this, I integrate a social memory perspective with the examination of activist movements. Through narrative, participants build engagement by presenting the self-in-history as a model for collective action. I refer to this as eventful experience, utilizing memorable moments as a resource for generating commitment. Movements depend upon members communicating the critical moments of their lives, embedding personal timelines in group culture. The linkage of personal experience and public events is a strategy by which individuals motivate collective action. Drawing on a thirty-month ethnography of a progressive senior citizen activist group in Chicago, I examine how members use an awareness of temporality to build a culture of action. Each movement group uses the past experiences of participants to build their culture – what Jasper refers to as taste in tactics, incorporating past successes, present plans, and imagined futures into a call for direct action.     

空间视阈下莫里森小说《宠儿》中黑人女性身份的建构*

二十世纪七八十年代西方社会空间转向的出现打破了以往时间独大，而忽视空间维度的局面，大量学者开始关 注空间与空间理论。在文学上也出现了文学作品的空间叙事，非裔美国作家托尼?莫里森的《宠儿》正是空间叙事的典范，通过 在作品中建构社会文化空间、心理空间、社区公共空间，以小说中三个黑人女性命运为时间线，从时间的历史性与空间的共时 性两方面实现十字交叉式叙事，从而实现黑人女性身份的建构。